An ND filter is composed of a transparent substrate, a laminate of a light-absorbing film and a dielectric film formed on the transparent substrate, and a carbon film formed to clad a surface of the laminate of the light-absorbing films and the dielectric films. The memory is preferably employed in a rechargeable battery pack having exactly four terminals. When we purchase an article designed for children we assume it is safe, but it has been proven that many are not. A printer profile is linked to the printer name designation. Modulation of the conductivity of the substrate affects eddy current losses of a RF inductor that is isolated from the substrate by a sufficient amount of dielectric material, which provides a basis for signal transfer from the modulated substrate to the inductor across the isolation barrier. This improves routability in the first metallization layer while providing sufficient current handling ability in the power and ground distributions.