Methods and systems for operating an avionics system on-board an aircraft are provided. The machining apparatus includes: a workpiece-temperature detecting device which detects a temperature of the workpiece; and a machining-condition control device which controls at least one of the relative movement device and the cold-gas-blow supply device, on the basis of the detected temperature of the workpiece. Disclosed systems and methods also support new and enriched aspects and applications of hypermedia browsing and related business activities. After forming the hole in the second conductive layer, the first and second conductive layers may be patterned so that portions of the first and second conductive layers surrounding portions of the first conductive layer exposed through the hole are removed while maintaining portions of the first conductive layer previously exposed through the hole. Allowing accommodation of more rolling balls means substantially improving load carrying ability of the linear guide way. Based on the personal profile, a knowledge management solution for the individual may be recommended, inclusive of knowledge products and services.