Aqueous based emulsion copolymers containing vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and aqueous based poly-containing emulsion copolymers formed by emulsion copolymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and optionally one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in the presence of poly. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit may include a DMA controller that may contain a control circuit, a DMA unit, and a PIO unit. The light guiding apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention can effectively scatter incident beams emitted by a light source, so that uniform emergent light can be obtained. An approximated record type describes layout of inner objects when the runtime types of the objects are statically unknown. The invention multiplies the vector S i1 to n, before transmission, by a precompensation matrix M such that the matrix product H*M is diagonal, H being the transfer matrix of the plurality of downstream transmission channels defined by RH*S where R, i1 to n, is the vector of the discrete multitone symbols Ri respectively received by the modems. These disorders include, but are not limited to, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, aberrant angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, corneal ulceration, and in complications of diabetes.