Autologous cultured keratinocytes are grown on a biosynthetic and biocompatible substratum following pre-seeding with autologous or allogenic dermal fibroblasts. The battery charger comprises an adapter identification subsystem coupled to the AC adapter input port configured to identify the characteristic and provide an adjustment current, and an adjustable charger coupled to the adapter identification subsystem and the battery, configured to set the battery charging current based upon the adjustment current. The networks are porous structures that can be formed into membranes or particles.