Detection apparatus and method for achieving performance close to a Maximum Likelihood detection having optimal performance and reducing computational complexity in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output system including a plurality of transmit antennas and receive antennas are provided. The system comprises of one or more server computers, a configuration rules database and a plurality of client computers. The side portions of the adjacent strip-shaped members are joined by joining means so as to manufacture a constituent member of a tire. The specular terms used in the illumination model are equivalent in functional form to the diffuse terms, thereby accelerating the computation of color vector c defined by the illumination model. The captured screw tip penetrates the flange and secures the drywall to the beam. The invention also features a method of decreasing the length of carbon microfibers that includes contacting the microfibers with an oxidizing agent under reaction conditions sufficient to decrease the length.