The present invention includes a composition for enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic disinfection against Gram-negative organism that is receptive to paraben potentiation using a composition comprising a photosensitizer and at least one paraben. The de-interlacing method includes the steps of: determining an interpolation direction based on a plurality of left and right pixels in left and right pixel columns located at left and right sides of the to-be-interpolated pixel, respectively; and obtaining an interpolated pixel value by performing an interpolation process in a determined interpolation direction. In another embodiment the fuel is injected with solid stream injector sprays directed against exhaust valves and ports and deflected into the piston cylinder against the flow of normally aspirated or supercharged engines. A material such as sapphire, other crystalline materials, or other transparent materials may be used in forming the hollow display cover structure. If the wireless communication apparatus recognizes that the information input apparatus is not in the wireless communicable state, it permits and expedites processing of a request for connection with the information output apparatus sent from another information input apparatus over a wireless network.