Systems and method for a capacitor-less Low Dropout voltage regulator. A plurality of electrodes are connected to the heating portions. The top is generally planar for being adhered to a circuit board. These wake event associations are tracked and managed differently from events received on other hardware register pins. An embodiment comprises a waveguide resonator that is optically coupled to a fluid in a fluidic conduit so that the resonant wavelength of the waveguide resonator is based on the refractive index of the fluid.