Metal non-oxide coated substrates are disclosed comprising a three dimensional inorganic porous substrate having a coating of metal non-oxide on at least a portion of all three dimensions thereof, produced by a unique process having particular applicability to the manufacture of metal boride, carbide and nitride coated three dimensional substrates. An input portion of the pulse detection circuit is electrically connected to an output portion of the analog buffer circuit, a first output portion of the pulse detection circuit is electrically connected to an input portion of the first bias circuit, and a second output portion of the pulse detection circuit is electrically connected to an input portion of the second bias circuit. The ridged portions include a larger ridged portion that contacts spongy bone with low bone density, and a smaller ridged portion that contacts cortical bone with high bone density. The method includes building a variational system to be solved based on the user input, any applied basic condition behaviors, and any optional condition behaviors. The invention also includes compositions an methods for producing these peptides as well as method of preventing and treating microbial infections using these peptides. An output charge element is provided, and a sample and hold construct is adapted to transfer a charge value\u2014to the output charge element\u2014that corresponds to an average of the charge values of the first and second charging elements upon a falling edge of the waveform.