Discovery of services between devices is provided prior to establishing a connection between devices, including wireless-enabled devices or devices that are communicatively coupled to wireless access points. A system and methods additionally provide a higher level of quality and consistency for processing and handling mail so that concerns over contamination of postal workers and potential mail recipients are reduced. As to a circuit that performs a verify operation, for instance, there is obtained a construction where the output from a sense amplifier that performs reading is connected to a switch which switches an operation voltage applied to a memory cell in accordance with a verify signal Sv, and the verify operation is finished concurrently with having the verify signal Sv switched. The compositions comprising 2-O- ascorbic acid may be enzymatically synthesized using \u03b2-D-glucosyltransferase.