An immersion lithographic apparatus comprising a surface which is curved such that a surface-tension drainage force acts in a direction on a film of immersion liquid on the surface. The liquid composition includes an effective amount of a cleaner to clean an ink-jet recording head, and the cleaner is at least one selected from an organic acid, a salt of organic acid, an organic acid ester, and a salt of organic acid ester. Determination whether the first base station is a known base station is then made.