A system for maintaining stateful information includes a client proxy configured to receive and collect status information associated with a client, and a state machine executing on a processor to collect and store the status information in a memory and provide stateful information associated with the client. The automatic transfer switch includes a power switching device provided with electric power from a first power source having a first status and a second power source having a second status. Another object is to reduce power consumption of a light-emitting element, a light-emitting device, and an electronic device.