The present synthesizer generates an underlying spectrum, pitch and loudness for a sound to be synthesized, and then combines the underlying spectrum, pitch and loudness with stored Spectral, Pitch, and Loudness Fluctuations and noise elements. In the preferred embodiment the number of discarded bits depends upon the product of a constant corresponding to the video encoding standard and the current slice type and the maximum of the average number of bits per macroblock of the current slice and a stored average number of bits per macroblock of a previous slice of the same coding type. The diffused radiation is detected by the sensors, and the spatial distribution of the detected intensity diffused radiation about the emitter can be used to calculate the thickness of the layer of ice and the type of ice. In a fusing action, a nanowire filament is fused between the close proximity conductors, through the junction oxide. Optionally, data can be associated with the objects via links to the database. The filter comprises a bag with a constricted inlet for receiving contaminated air.