In a liquid crystal display device, a thickness of a liquid crystal layer in each pixel is adjusted based on a display color. Accordingly, atoms of sample surface are irradiated with quantum beams, such as charged particles, electrons and photons, having a given electron transition energy characteristic of element, and any change in interaction force between the atoms of sample surface having been irradiated with quantum beams and the distal end of the probe is detected. We use low bit rate encoding algorithms and achieve additional compression for speech by marking cells that do not contain talk spurts. The used siliceous material may be perlite andor diatomaceous earth. A doped polysilicon layer is deposited on the oxide layer.