In an optical pickup device for a simple optical system, a light beam emitted from a laser diode is split into first and second light beams by a polarized beam splitter, an optical disc is irradiated with the first light beam to obtain signal light, and the second beam is reflected by a reflection element to obtain reference light. The invention further relates to a method of treating neuronal apoptosis in a mammal using ICP10PK in combination with a nucleic acid encoding bcl-2, or the polypeptide encoded thereby. The disclosed invention allows for real time monitoring of the entropy increase in a metallic object under cyclic loading, and allows for removing the object from service before fatigue fracture occurs. The device identifier is transmitted from the user device to a service device to associate the user device with a user. The clipping causes the redefined primitive surface to have an edge running within the guard band that the primitive surface does not have.