A valve comprises a valve body having a fluid inlet and fluid outlet, a valve seat located in the valve body between the fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a valve member movable towards and away from the valve seat for controlling the flow of fluid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and a PTC heater in thermal contact with the valve seat for heating the valve seat. In one embodiment the skin gripping means is a needle guard. The inventive compounds are described by the formulae and. Profile arrays are provided which define feature authorizations and provisioning for subscribers and Customer Logical Ports served by the edge switches. The example apparatus also includes a telemetry signal output element that is configured to produce the output signal from the telemetry signal and to transmit the output signal via the fiber optic cable. The mold fill system comprises a horizontal primary runner defining a horizontal axis of rotation, a rotation mechanism for rotating the mold about the horizontal axis at an angular velocity, and a gating subsystem configured to receive metal flow from the primary runner and fill the mold uphill during rotation of the mold about the horizontal axis of rotation.