A hydraulically actuated medical instrument includes an elongated shaft having proximal and distal ends, a hydraulically actuated end effector at the distal end of the shaft and a fluid flow path extending through the shaft to the end effector. The assay device has a substrate with a flow-rate control zone that regulates the amount of time needed for development and appearance of a visual signal in the observation-feedback zone until the color transition in the detection zone reaches color stability. The copolymer coatings increase the solubility of sulfate and Ca ions from the gypsum, allowing accelerated plant availability and uptake of such nutrients. Accordingly, it is possible to improve compression ratio and image quality by using the selective prediction encoding and decoding methods. In one implementation, the USB alternate setting is a new setting that is added to an existing Bluetooth SIG specification. The tilted array also enables reducing the current supplied by the conductive traces while maintaining a comparable net magnetic field to the untilted configuration.