1460758260-70c17c98-e1a3-4e65-8a0d-6eeff5b411b4

The present invention relates to the audio-video recording of overhead projector based presentations. In one embodiment, impedance is measured for weak input signals of different applied frequencies, and a conductor anomaly is detected based on differences in impedance measured at different frequencies. Sensor and reference elements, formed from a single metal trace, are disposed on a second surface of the substrate.