1460759216-49d550d8-4817-4998-8fa8-150e2e4555d4

A data storage device includes one or more electrical contacts and one or more data paths through the electrical contacts. Certain embodiments of these methods include the use of NMR spectroscopy. The implantable device includes a first endplate configured to contact a superior endplate of the first vertebral body. The communications device can be used with any type of protective helmet, such as a fireman’s helmet, a military helmet, a hard-hat, etc.