Gold bonding wires for semiconductor devices featuring increased strength and modulus of elasticity, stable loop shapes, suppressing the flow of wires, suppressing the leaning, and totally improved junctions of the wedge junction portions or wear characteristics for realizing a narrow-pitch connection, and enhanced the productivity on an industrial scale, and a method of producing the same. The battery charger may also include a charging circuit connected to the charger connector, and a controller connected to the charger connector and the charging circuit. The computer program also includes code to select a starting location in the integrated circuit design. The system control optimization model is configured to manage the operation of the heat energy recovery system including transferring the waste heat from the modular melting furnaces to a plurality of heat demand centers while minimizing total loss of the waste heat in the metal casting plant. The method also includes a suitable etching composition, which allows to proceed the method in a mass production.