A knife opening mechanism is disclosed. According to an example embodiment, a semiconductor device exhibits a treated substrate that selectively interacts with nanotubes of a first type, relative to nanotubes of a second type, the respective types including semiconducting-type and metallic-type nanotubes. The air-tight plate is coupled to a top opening located on the trim and forms an air-tight interface therebetween. Further, lipids remaining in the algal biomass after extraction of proteins can be used to generate renewable fuels. Moreover, a second through-hole is formed in the second resin film buried in the first through-hole, and a connection part is formed. Methods based on wavelet transformation with decimation and time stamping can provide one-pass encoding of signals in which the amount of bits of information needed to be transmitted can be substantially reduced, thereby increasing the speed of transmission of digital signals over networks.