This invention relates to processes for the assembly of three-dimensional structures having periodicities on the scale of optical wavelengths, and at both smaller and larger dimensions, as well as compositions and applications therefore. The plurality of standoff layer supports can be formed from the same layer as the piezoelectric elements, or from a dielectric layer such as a polymer. A controller unit, for controlling those, changes a condition of information detection while referring to the image information detected by the image information detector unit, and also controls the manipulator mechanism unit in accordance with the operation information inputted into the operation inputting unit. A window is positioned in the opening and a circumferential seal is positioned around a periphery of the opening at the second side.