A device and a method for bonding elements are described. According to one example embodiment of the present invention, an azimuth angle estimation of the location of a mobile station is accomplished using a radio-signal processing apparatus. Natural user interactions can be utilized to change chart types by drawing symbols, transform data by applying functions, filter data by drawing strikethrough on legends, etc. The mobile station may establish calls through an address book that identifies other mobile stations that have announced presence on the presence server or on another presence server in communication with the home network presence server. , because there is no data to send or because its buffer is full or near full. The first tier of memory can have at least boot data pre-fetched from the second tier of memory with the boot data including at least metadata and personalized user data.