An OLED comprises an anode, a hole source, an emissive region, an electron source and a cathode, wherein the materials for the electron source and the hole source are chosen such that the electrical conductivity of these charge carrier sources is greater than the electrical conductivity of the emissive region. Coherent light may be incident on a sample, and a diffraction pattern detected. In response to an instance of default column circuitry being identified as defective, its corresponding column may \u201cshift\u201d and choose to couple to the neighboring column circuitry. Using PRESEOR, over 80 billion barrels of U. A first carrying case contains the panels and backboard and a second carrying case contains the simulated grass and simulated flag stick. The present invention also relates to a bone staple formed of a shape-memory alloy and an apparatus associated with the staple.