Optical systems are disclosed herein for re-distributing light generated by a light source. 6-7 weight %, with Mg converted to MgO and rare earth elements converted to rare earth oxides RExOy. For each channel hop, one of the good channels is selected from the list of good channels for use by a transceiver in the device by using an index number selected from the sequence of pseudo-random index numbers. In addition, such device comprises processing capabilities based on an open processing architecture that is independent of the processing technology used. Acquired images and other data may be analyzed by a processor, and then displayed using an LED, LCD or other type of display or printer. A waste valve, adapted for automatic control, is located at a waste conduit extending from the sampling conduit to a waste site.