Approaches are described for tone-mapping an image frame in a sequence of image frames. The control portion stores a prediction direction instruction stream and a non-prediction direction instruction stream in the queuing buffer and switches an instruction stream as an execution object from the prediction direction instruction stream to the non-prediction direction instruction stream inside the queuing buffer in response to failure of branch prediction. The impedance matching network receives the input signal to perform impedance matching thereon, and comprises a first resistor, a first transistor, and a second resistor. The conductive body is bendingly extended with a positioning sheet engaging with the engagement hole or a terminal pin passing the through hole. A histogram of the swath overlaps is used to generate a display of the path of the moving object or individual. A water treatment device may include the membrane.