In annealing of a non-single crystal silicon film by a linear laser beam, it is performed so as irradiation tracks caused by the linear laser beam do not remain in the silicon film. Upon receiving the e-mail, the recipient user can log onto a content server in the publisher and the publisher content server resolves the link, downloads a secure viewer program and an encrypted version of the requested document to the viewer program. The computing system compares the frequency signal to a predetermined frequency value. A surface forming the groove may be parabolic in a cross section.