A system for automatically retracting a passenger loading bridge from an engaged position relative to an aircraft having a door, the aircraft being releasably connectable to a service provider is disclosed. A first substrate section includes a first flow channel and a first plurality of pairs of spaced electrodes operatively connected to the first flow channel. Smoking articles and smokeless tobacco products including such treated tobacco materials are also provided. A predetermined signal value of the output counter signal is herewith phase-modulated as a function of the input signal.