A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate including a photodiode therein as a light sensing unit. The radio communications system includes a radio network controller and a base station. The invention also relates to retroreflective articles, and in particular pavement markings, comprising such microspheres. By using an exact Fourier-based iterative algorithm as well as physical and mathematical constraints, convergence to a lowest-possible noise state that is also strictly consistent with the measured data can be obtained. This allows the flexible circuit electrode array to be both electrode array and surgical tool to cut the retinal and slide the array under the retina in a single action.