A solid-state image pickup device relating to the present invention comprises a pixel area where multiple pixels used for photoelectric conversion of incident light are two-dimensionally arranged. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. The bottom section of the sidewall member receives and transfers a load through the sidewall member. The control unit is programmed to return the air-to-fuel ratio to stoichiometry when the NOx storage capacity is below a pre-determined value.