Bio-affinity material containing at least one biologically active saccharide which is covalently bound via at least one spacer to a cross-linked matrix and that the material is autoclaved. The infant safety seat includes an air bag deflecting canopy, and dampening mechanisms to protect against the shock of airbag deployment and an impact. Each plural cavity element has at least two optical cavities. The encoder is configured to divide the readable spectral range into a plurality of bins. The number of times the reference scale current is replicated is based on the fixed capacitance that is switched-in to the LC circuit and therefore the frequency band of the PLL.