A sample can be collected from an enclosed container, such as an aseptic bioreactor or chemical environment, using the disclosed sampling modules and manifold, providing consistent or substantially consistent sampling procedures for obtaining samples of a desired quality, while reducing the risk of contamination. A plurality of drive switches for over-driving are distributively arranged in a sense amplifier area, and a plurality of drive switches for restore operation are concentratively disposed at one end of a row of the sense amplifiers. The refractory shell is sized to provide an expansion gap between the liner and the metal shell. The output voltage of a fuel cell is calculated based on a correlation between calculated amounts of carbon monoxide gas adsorbed by the electrode catalyst and output voltages of the fuel cell.