A modulated x-ray system and method provide various applications to increase medical diagnoses and treatment as well as non-medical scenarios. The game ball includes an impact detector located within a ball housing. The information-processing device further includes guide grooves provided on one of the accommodating part and the removable unit and guide rails provided on the other one of the accommodating part and the removable unit. The braking apparatus is positioned in front of a final reduction gear for rear wheels, and the casing of the braking apparatus is a common casing inside which the braking apparatus and the final reduction gear are accommodated. The circuit-connecting material features the following essential components: a curing agent capable of generating free radicals upon heating, a phenoxy resin having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more, and that is chemically modified by a carboxyl-group-containing elastomer, and a radical-polymerizable substance. The collector assembly has a solar collector with a substantially flat surface, a center of gravity, and a target axis substantially perpendicular to the substantially flat surface and passing through the center of gravity.