A compact solar simulator includes a target surface for a solar module, an enclosure behind the target surface, and at least one source fixture including a lamp in the enclosure spaced from the target surface. The lower pad layer is provided on a semiconductor substrate. The cache directory is indexed by primary addresses. The transmitter is designed to transmit a non-constant signal to the transmission link to the receiver, and the receiver is designed to receive a signal from the transmission link and to correlate the received signal with the transmitted signal.