A frequency domain representation of a whitening filter is made to depend on essentially one unknown, namely, a scaling factor that is based on an estimated ratio of total base station power to the power spectral density of inter-cell interference plus noise. Quantum dots of specific sizes, compositions and structures may be used to produce specific fluorescence, mixtures of quantum dots can be used to produce random patterns of spectrally varying fluorescence, and particular quantum dot structures can be used to provide desirable physical and optical properties. The retaining claw portion has a projecting portion formed at a proximal end side of the retaining member. The tube includes a plurality of orifices and a tube diameter large enough to prevent resistance to refrigerant flow, but, small enough to prevent the first mixture of two phase refrigerant flow from separating into liquid and vapor strata.