A cost effective apparatus for preparing solutions is provided. The navigational aid device includes forced layer switching capabilities. The capacitances are realized by using idle lying metal layers in the circuit. The partially andor fully server oriented algorithms use homomorphic andor order preserving encryption for enabling search capability from a user other than an owner of the contents of the data collection. The method further includes spraying the water-base paint overlying the substrate to form a platinum-group-containing layer, and thereafter heating the platinum-group-containing layer to interdiffuse the platinum-group-containing layer.