A photocoupler comprises a light emitting element and a light detecting element which are both mounted on lead frames. The membrane is composed of at least one non-woven fabric layer made of collagen fibers, or a laminated membranous substance consisting of at least one non-woven fabric layer made of collagen fibers and at least one sponge layer made of collagen, and a coating layer of gelatin or hyaluronic acid on the surface or surfaces of the above membrane. A thickness of the intermediate layer or each of thicknesses of the intermediate layer and the concave-convex structure varies so as to increase as a distance from the rotational symmetry axis increases. The computerized business subsystem automatically provides a cost and schedule for a system configured by the configuring subsystem and additionally processes an order for the system. The supporting members supporting at least one of the plate members are located in a form of multiple dots or lines adjacent to each other at regular intervals on the plate member. The apparatus can, as an example, be applied to vitrification techniques.