Wide band phase modulators used with high power laser carriers convert high-frequency RF signals to phase-modulated optical signals. A metric value is calculated for each image point in the two dimensional set of image points. The mutation scheme includes a mutation rate that increases when chromosomes under evaluation fail to improve its workload against the metric over a certain number of generations. A radiation detector is mounted in the sensor mount and located adjacent the radiation emitter. A complicated three-dimensional mesh model is simplified at a level desired by a user so as to reduce the time and cost related to manual treatment of a three-dimensional geometric model by a designer. Individual electrode pixels are segmented into three segments, wherein one of the segments is operated at a more electrically repellant value than that of the other two.