In at least one embodiment, transaction processing systems comprise non-disk persistent memory that is utilized to commit transactions. In the optical disk device, an operation of changing a correction quantity of the spherical aberration from a value adequate for the first recording layer to a predetermined value is started before an operation of moving a focus position of the microspot from the first layer to the second layer is completed. The slip body is a U-shaped apparatus having an open and centrally located line slip which is substantially closed. The processing circuit processes the image, generating image information. The connecting element is heated such that the coating applied externally to the connecting element melts and wets, in particular completely closes, the cut surface in the first workpiece layer ; after a cooling process, the re-solidified coating adheres to the cut surface of the first workpiece layer.