A variety of lenses, lens assemblies, imaging devices, applications for such lenses, assemblies and devices, and related methods of operation and manufacturing are disclosed. In some cases, an electrode may be processed using an ultrafast laser to produce an electrode surface that includes macrostructures formed within the electrode surface and nanostructures formed on the macrostructures. Various embodiments can be used for other predictions such as the types of job andor training history which are most likely to lead to a particular career and other characteristics of organizations and population such as buying patterns and the quality of educational institutions. The present invention includes a plurality of operation keys to designate one out of a plurality of operation coordinates of the robot arm, and a controller which controls the operation of the robot arm.