A hinge apparatus for an image photographing apparatus wherein the hinge apparatus rotatably connects a housing with respect to a main body so that the housing can rotate in a predetermined rotation range. A number of removable arms connected to the distributor plate. Each satellite transmits a signal that consists of a series of frames of a pseudo-noise sequence whereupon is superimposed a satellite data message. The element vectors are processed by a classifier to create class prototype vectors which can be used to classify elements as they are added to the database. A method for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate including a tungsten layer includes contacting the substrate with the above described polishing composition, moving the polishing composition relative to the substrate, and abrading the substrate to remove a portion of the tungsten from the substrate and thereby polish the substrate. The reinforcing part is arranged along each of a first side end part of the first cover and a second side end part of the second cover.