An independent, broadcast medium is used to communicate an time reference to each element: switch element, active element or passive element, of an in-vehicle network. As an opening exposing a surface of one gate electrode, a second opening is formed based on a resist pattern formed such that a region where the opening is formed overlaps two-dimensionally solely with one gate electrode. The optical sensor or device, which is preferably a single dimension camera or charged-coupled device, opposes the light source and obtains an image that includes silhouettes of one or more legs of the animal. In this way, the third-party application has a simple mechanism for incorporating personalized content for the user based on social information, without requiring the third-party application itself to maintain or even have access to the user’s social information.