A phase shifter includes an optical waveguide, a plurality of impurity regions and a plurality of electrodes. It is possible to provide a hybrid car of an engine-electric motor configuration which can effect a highly efficient operation without increasing the capacity of motor and that of battery. Discrepancies between value systems may be determined by comparing the rating numbers which the entities assign the values. A channel 1 frequency conversion module forms a low-frequency signal. Examples of such multimedia systems include, but are not limited to, a television home entertainment system, an audio home entertainment system, a music production studio system, a gaming system, a personal computing system, or any combination thereof.