In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester having a high conductivity in a low-temperature environment is used as an electrolyte, and, furthermore, a cyclic carbonic acid ester having at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is added thereto for the inhibition of reductive decomposition of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester. The energy management system includes at least one pack comprising one or more batteries in an energy storage device and the components to manage and wirelessly communicate the state characteristics of those batteries. Outgassing can be enhanced by adding features to solder preforms that maintain pathways for gasses to more readily exit the container prior to sealing thereof. Based upon the categorization, custom program support may be provided for a user of the computer system executing the program. These particles produced using the said process have a small size, large surface area and a sponge-like morphology, being thereby adequate for the production of capacitors.