A fluid ejection device includes a thin film heater resistor portion having a heater resistor, and a two-layer structure disposed over the heater resistor. A casing and a piston rod, which is displaceable in the casing, are provided within the actuating element. The transparent adhesive layer is disposed between the transparent substrate and the diffusing surface of the light emitting stack; an index of refraction of the light emitting stack is different from that of the transparent adhesive layer. The bandwidth regulator handles the bandwidth allocation and blocks the requests of masters that have met the bandwidth requirement. The digital item is data of any kind, including data that needs to be accessed and updated, i.