A controller having an on-time controller, an off-time controller, a switch control signal generator, and a jittering signal generator, wherein the jittering signal generator couples jitter into the on-time or the off-time of a primary switch of the power supply. The communication network includes a plurality of boundary routers that are connected by access links to CPE edge routers belonging to the one or more VPNs. Additionally or alternatively, the particles may be incorporated into the tufting primary or backing.