A nuclear reactor includes a pressure vessel and a nuclear reactor core disposed in the pressure vessel. In one embodiment, the circuit is used to alter the drive applied to a sense amp’s voltage-pulling transistor, thereby allowing modification of the voltage-pulling rate for components of the sense amp. a lab-on-a-chip system comprising a first and a second electrode said first and second electrode comprising a polymer based or oxide based conductive, electrochemically active electrode material, said electrode material being adapted to be subjected to an electrochemical reaction when in use in said electrokinetic fluid system.