Methods and apparatus are provided for efficiently executing extended custom instructions on a programmable chip. In addition, cost reduction is intended by forming the fluid path, electrodes and cells using the micro-electromechanical systems technologies and thus manufacturing multiple relay chips at the same time. In the inventive method, charge measuring values are determined using charge measuring devices. The grip is mounted on the central segment of the elongated body to prevent the ratchet wrench from slipping out of a person’s hands as the person uses the ratchet wrench to perform a task, such as tightening a fastener. Hence, the object of prolonging lifespan and reliability of the flash memory access is achieved. The system comprises a light source having a first light and a second light that modulate at variable frequencies, an input device for receiving an input indicating the frequency at which the user perceives the modulation of the first light and a second light, a display device, at least one processor, and one or more memory devices.