An electronic device having a receiver generating an analog signal from collected image data, a digitizer generating a digital signal from the analog signal and a micro-controller receiving the analog signal and the digital signal and generating a corrected digital signal, wherein the device outputs one of the digital signal and the corrected digital signal. An embodiment comprises an energy transfer to the mixture in a way that the degree in which nanoonobjects are heated and bonded to the surface of a substance depends on their electrical conductivities. An isolation layer isolating at least one lower active region is formed in a semiconductor substrate of the cell array region. The process may be operated in a batch mode or continuous process mode.