A layered operating system architecture enables decoupling of a media access control layer from a physical layer. The invention also provides novel compounds that elevate TGF-beta levels, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds that elevate TGF-beta levels, and methods for detecting diseases associated with endothelial cell activation. Furthermore, a driving-voltage supplying transistor is connected between a first power source line, which supplies a driving voltage to drive the driving transistor, and a voltage supply line extending in a row in the direction of the pixel circuits provided at the right end side of an active matrix part. After that, a sheet velocity is determined.