Soldering can be performed in a state where the temperature in an object zone is stable, regardless of the heat capacity of a soldering object. A testing device includes a substrate, and a plurality of block patterns, each of which has a top area varying with an area of a shot region of the exposure apparatus, having at least two different heights located on the substrate. A placement for the second choice network can be determined. Suitable lipid matrices include liposomes, micelles, cell membrane patches and optically isotropic cubic lipidic phase matrices.